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故事地圖

Progress in ending AIDS 消除愛滋病的進程

(added on 2022/11/29)

"Ending AIDS by 2030" is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations. In 2020, UNAIDS announced the 95-95-95 milestone, aiming to achieve 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) knowing their status, 95% of PLHIV on treatment, and 95% of PLHIV on treatment with suppressed viral load. So far, one most effective approach for reducing HIV transmission in the population is Treatment-as-Prevention (TasP) – meaning that HIV treatment to maintain undetectable viral load could prevent ongoing HIV transmissions.

In the Asia-Pacific region, there has been remarkable increase in the coverage of HIV treatment over the years, as shown by the darkening green colours on maps (please click the map to play the video). On the other hand, the estimated number of new HIV infection is also visibly smaller compared to a decade ago, indicating that we are getting closer to the goal year by year.

Continued effort is needed to identify undiagnosed infections and providing treatment to PLHIV in order to reach the 95-95-95 milestone in ending AIDS.

Data for the maps were extracted from OurWorldInData.

「2030年消除愛滋病」是聯合國可持續發展目標(SDG)之一，聯合國愛滋病規劃署 (UNAIDS) 在2020年宣佈了「95-95-95」里程碑，希望能達成 95%感染者知道自己的感染狀態、95%感染者正在接受治療及95%正在接受治療的感染者病毒載量達至測不到水平。目前為止，『治療達致防疫』（TasP）是有效減少HIV傳染的方法，意指透過接受HIV治療可確保病毒量保持於測不到的水平，防止進一步的傳播。

在亞太地區，接受治療的感染者百分比日益增多，在地圖上 (請按地圖以播放影片) 可見每年代表治療覆蓋率的綠色越來越深色。同一時間，與十年前比較，估計新感染人數也以可見速度逐年減少，表示我們正漸漸靠近目標。

為了達成「95-95-95」里程碑，各國需要持續努力，識別未確診感染個案及為感染者提供治療。

地圖資料源自OurWorldInData。

HIV infection 人類免疫力缺乏病毒感染

What is HIV/ AIDS? 什麼是人類免疫力缺乏病毒感染/愛滋病?

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system, destroying or impairing their function. In the early stages of infection, there is no symptom. As HIV infection progresses, the immune system becomes weaker, thereby increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the absence of treatment, 50% of the infected individuals progress to AIDS. The use of antiretroviral drugs can reverse the immune deficiency.
人類免疫力缺乏病毒(HIV)是一種感染人類免疫細胞，從而破壞人體免疫系統的反轉病毒。在感染初期，患者可以完全沒有任何病癥。但在感染後期，患者的免疫力會被削弱，容易被其它機會性感染影響。
愛滋病(後天免疫力缺乏症候群) 是人類免疫力缺乏病毒感染的後期嚴重階段。在沒有接受治療的情況下，平均一半感染者在十年內發病，成為愛滋病患者。抗病毒藥物治療可以有效恢復患者免疫能力。

How does HIV spread? 如何傳播？

HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse (heterosexuals and homosexuals), transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, sharing of contaminated needles in injection drug users, and between a mother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
HIV的傳播途徑包括不安全性接觸 (異性及同性) ，輸入受污染血液或血制品、靜脈吸毒者共用針筒、和母嬰傳播（懷孕、分娩、和哺乳期間）。

Vaccine? Prevention? 如何預防？

A safe and effective vaccine is still under development. The practice of safer sex with the use of condom is one most effective means of preventing HIV infection through sex. Avoidance of needle sharing is important in injection drug users, whereas antiretroviral treatment can be effective in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission.
預防疫苗至今仍在研究中。現時最有效的預防性傳播方法是採用安全性行為，包括使用安全套。吸毒者應避免共同使用針具，而抗病毒藥物則可以有效預防母嬰傳播。